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An artificial heart valve is a device implanted in the heart of a patient with valvular heart disease. When one of the four heart valves malfunctions, the medical choice may be to replace the natural valve with an artificial valve. This requires open-heart surgery. Valves are integral to the normal physiological functioning of the human heart. Natural heart valves are evolved to forms that perform the functional requirement of inducing unidirectional blood flow through the valve structure from one chamber of the heart to another. Natural heart valves become dysfunctional for a variety of pathological causes. Some pathologies may require complete surgical replacement of the natural heart valve with a heart valve prosthesis. ==Types of heart valve prostheses== There are three main types of artificial heart valves: the ''mechanical,''the ''biological,'' and the ''tissue engineered'' valves. * Mechanical heart valve * * Percutaneous implantation * * * Stent framed * * * Not framed * * Sternotomy/Thoracotomy implantation * * * Ball and cage * * * Tilting disk * * * Bi-leaflet * * * Tri-leaflet * Tissue (biological) heart valves * * Allograft/isograft * * Xenograft * Tissue Engineered heart valves 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Artificial heart valve」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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